Goldman Sachs:
the AI strategy, sourced.

• Developer-first: GitHub Copilot for 12,000 developers in 2024; Devin, an autonomous software engineer, piloted as a team member in 2025.
• GS AI Assistant available to all 46,000 employees since July 2025; more than a million prompts a month.
• February 2026: embedded Anthropic engineers co-developing Claude-based agents for accounting of trades and transactions and for client vetting and onboarding.
• April 2026: using Anthropic's Mythos and 'supplementing' cyber and infrastructure resilience after Treasury and the Fed summoned bank leaders.
• Investor in the AI services layer: Ode with Anthropic (with Blackstone and Hellman & Friedman), OpenAI's DeployCo, and a $110 million Series C in decisioning-software firm Taktile; 70 AI venture deals since 2019.
• Leadership is explicit about labour: Waldron's 'human assembly line', Goldman Research economists raising their US displacement estimate in June 2026 from 6-7% to over 9% of workers (about 15 million over ten years), and a partner's warning about 'cognitive atrophy' if bankers outsource reasoning to models.
• OneGS 3.0 (October 2025): 'a new operating model propelled by artificial intelligence', starting with six workstreams — client onboarding and KYC, enterprise risk, vendor management, lending, regulatory reporting and sales enablement — alongside potential job cuts and a hiring slowdown.
• Governance in the filings: a standalone AI risk factor in the 2025 10-K, and by mid-2026 a Firmwide Artificial Intelligence Risk Committee co-chaired by the CIO and chief risk officer. Open AI roles include AI safety platform engineering, AI model validation and agentic systems in technology risk (listed below, as of 24 September 2026).
• Platform design (June 2024): the GS AI Platform is the single entry point for generative AI, with Microsoft-hosted GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, Google Gemini and Meta Llama behind it; the bank had banned in-house use of ChatGPT. By July 2025 staff could pick among current GPT, Gemini and Claude models, with prompt controls that flag the information users enter.
• Coding agents carry the headline numbers: Argenti told American Banker in June 2026 that Devin pilots produced up to 20% efficiency gains; CNBC reported in February 2026 that Devin is broadly available to engineers, and Forbes in August 2026 that hundreds of agents work beside the 12,000 human engineers. Solomon said in January 2025 that AI can complete 95% of an IPO filing in minutes, a task that took a six-person team two weeks.
• AI leadership has been hired in from outside: Daniel Marcu (Amazon, March 2025) as Global Head of AI Engineering and Science, Archana Vemulapalli (AMD, April 2026) for AI product management and frontier-lab relations, Evan Kotsovinos (Google, July 2026) for asset and wealth management engineering, and Dinesh Keswani (Nomura, September 2026) as co-head of The Core Engineering.
• Headcount effect is stated in terms of growth, not cuts: on the Q2 2026 call Solomon said the firm is 'not growing our human capital footprint quite the same way'; CNBC reported in February 2026 that Solomon wants to constrain headcount growth and that Argenti called job losses in compliance and accounting premature. The 2025 compensation line included $250 million of severance.
• Q3 2026 call (13 October 2026): Solomon cited studies putting US data-centre investment above $10 trillion through 2032, said compute demand exceeds supply and a reset will bring 'bumps', and called for 'rigorous testing, independent review, continuous monitoring and clear human accountability' for AI.
• Intellectual property is concentrated on retrieval and coding assistants: at least five AI patents and applications assigned to Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC were granted or published between January and July 2026, covering embedding fine-tuning, embedding-free retrieval-augmented generation, generative data-query pipelines, enhanced search and context injection for coding assistants.

What is GS AI Platform and GS AI Assistant?

A firm-hosted platform for generative-AI assistants, extended to all 46,000 employees in July 2025 and answering more than a million prompts a month; developers got GitHub Copilot in 2024 and Cognition's autonomous engineer Devin as a team member in 2025.[6][7]

What AI partnerships and patents does Goldman Sachs have?

Goldman buys models from several labs through its own GS AI Platform (OpenAI, Google, Anthropic, with Meta Llama earlier), runs Cognition's Devin, and embedded Anthropic engineers for six months. It also invests in Anthropic's and OpenAI's enterprise-services ventures and in Taktile, and supports FINOS, where it open-sourced its Legend data platform. Its patent record is on Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC: five AI patents and applications granted or published in 2026, covering embedding fine-tuning, retrieval-augmented generation, data-query agents, enhanced search and coding-assistant context.[1][39][6][15][10][58][59][60][61][62]

What has Goldman done on AI, and when?

• Oct 13, 2026

  Q3 2026 call: Solomon sets out AI guardrails and compute-supply risk[56][57]

  He cites a $10 trillion US data-centre build-out through 2032, says compute demand exceeds supply, and calls for testing, independent review, monitoring and human accountability; efficiency ratio is 59.4% year to date.

• Oct 8, 2026

  Sneader: new joiners 'are managing agents'[55]

  Goldman's Asia Pacific (ex-Japan) head tells the Milken Institute Asia Summit that young staff manage a 'virtual army' of agents from day one, raising the question of middle managers.

• Oct 1, 2026

  2026 proxy statement credits Waldron with the AI programme[32]

  Goldman's proxy statement credits president John Waldron with overseeing the firm's AI initiatives, including deploying internal AI assistants and coding tools to handle repetitive tasks; Waldron tells CNBC 'digital agents will be our robots' as 'our human assembly lines become more digitized'.

• Sep 3, 2026

  Dinesh Keswani joins as co-head and CTO of The Core Engineering[53]

  Hired from Nomura, where he was chief technology and operations officer; co-heads The Core with Gopi Parameswaran.

• Aug 24, 2026

  Partner warns of 'cognitive atrophy'[3]

  Chris Churchman, leading a flagship AI project, on the danger of outsourcing reasoning to models.

• Aug 10, 2026

  NVIDIA compute-financing platform partner[29]

  One of six firms signing memorandums of understanding to mobilise over $500 billion of third-party capital for AI infrastructure.

• Aug 6, 2026

  Forbes: hundreds of agents work beside 12,000 engineers[51]

  Goldman is described as the first major bank to deploy virtual software engineers on real production tasks, starting with legacy modernisation.

• Aug 3, 2026

  AI risk oversight moves up to a firmwide committee[28][23]

  The Q2 10-Q describes a Firmwide AI Risk Committee co-chaired by the CIO and chief risk officer; the 10-K had an AI risk and controls committee under technology risk.

• Jul 30, 2026

  AlphaAI launched for AI-led investing[50]

  Lou D'Ambrosio chairs AI for Asset Management; the memo cites over 100 scaled AI use cases inside portfolio companies.

• Jul 15, 2026

  Backs Ode with Anthropic[15]

  An enterprise AI services firm formed by Anthropic, Blackstone and Hellman & Friedman with a consortium including Goldman.

• Jul 14, 2026

  Q2 2026 call: AI 'will not replace' Goldman's people[27]

  Solomon calls AI a transformational technology that expands talent; Coleman says the firm can keep investing in AI productivity.

• Jul 6, 2026

  Evan Kotsovinos joins from Google[49]

  Partner and head of Asset & Wealth Management Engineering; at Google he led AI safety and security work within Privacy, Safety and Security.

• Jun 25, 2026

  Goldman Research lifts AI job-displacement estimate to over 9%[46][47]

  Economist Joseph Briggs puts displacement at about 15 million US workers over ten years, up from 6-7%, on a 15% productivity uplift assumption; he expects displaced workers to be reabsorbed.

• Jun 24, 2026

  Leads $110 million round in Taktile[10]

  A bet that AI is ready for banks' regulated, high-stakes decisions.

• Jun 4, 2026

  Solomon: no white-collar wipeout[14]

  On Bloomberg's Odd Lots the CEO discusses headcount, AI and the bank's role in the SpaceX IPO.

• May 14, 2026

  Invests in OpenAI's DeployCo[11]

  Alongside BBVA, backing OpenAI's enterprise-deployment venture.

• May 12, 2026

  Waldron: a 'human assembly line' facing automation[8][4]

  AI lets the bank scale without much more hiring.

• May 8, 2026

  Argenti measures idea-to-production speed, not AI usage[26]

  The CIO says tracking individual use is the wrong metric for his 12,000 engineers; Legend lets staff search firm files in natural language.

• May 4, 2026

  Founding partner of an Anthropic enterprise-services firm[25][15]

  With Anthropic, Blackstone and Hellman & Friedman; the firm, later named Ode, embeds Anthropic engineers to bring Claude into companies' operations.

• May 1, 2026

  Q1 10-Q: AI Risk and Controls Committee sits under Technology Risk[44][28]

  The committee, which oversees risks from the use of AI, reports to the Firmwide Technology Risk Committee (co-chaired by the CISO and CTO); by the Q2 10-Q it had become a Firmwide AI Risk Committee.

• Apr 13, 2026

  Q1 2026 call: cloud and data spend brought forward for AI[24]

  CFO Denis Coleman says early OneGS 3.0 learnings mean accelerating cloud migration and data quality, critical to deploying AI across the firm.

• Apr 13, 2026

  Using Mythos; regulators call in bank chiefs[13]

  Solomon says the firm is supplementing cyber resilience after Bessent and Powell convened Wall Street leaders.

• Apr 6, 2026

  Archana Vemulapalli hired to lead AI product management[42]

  Partner and Global Head of AI Product Management and Strategic Relations, from AMD; she also leads engagement with frontier AI labs and application providers.

• Mar 20, 2026

  Solomon's letter flags AI-exposed private credit[16]

  'Exposure to software companies that may be adversely affected by AI' named as a reminder that the credit cycle has not been repealed.

• Feb 25, 2026

  2025 10-K carries a standalone AI risk factor[23]

  Generative-AI errors, bias, opacity, reliance on third-party models and heightened risk from OneGS 3.0.

• Feb 6, 2026

  Anthropic engineers embedded to build agents[1][2]

  Six months of co-development in trade accounting and client onboarding; Goldman confirms the report.

• Jan 22, 2026

  Argenti: 2025 'the biggest changes' of a 40-year career[18]

  The CIO predicts 2026 will be bigger, with personal agents and mega alliances.

• Jan 15, 2026

  Q4 2025 deck: 'a new operating model propelled by artificial intelligence'[22][41]

  OneGS 3.0 goals include accelerating AI adoption across the employee base; six initial workstreams listed.

• Oct 14, 2025

  OneGS 3.0 launched: AI push with job cuts and a hiring slowdown[21][20]

  Staff memo names sales and client onboarding, lending, regulatory reporting and vendor management as AI priorities; Solomon links efficiency to new AI technologies in the Q3 release.

• Jul 25, 2025

  GS AI Assistant reaches the whole workforce[6]

  46,000 employees; a million prompts a month; Devin agents joining developer teams.

• Jul 11, 2025

  Devin pilot announced: 'hundreds of Devins', maybe thousands[39]

  Argenti expects Cognition's agent to raise developer productivity three to four times over earlier AI tools; Goldman is the first major bank to use it, per Cognition, and holds no stake in Cognition.

• Jun 23, 2025

  Argenti memo: GS AI Assistant launches firmwide[37]

  About 10,000 employees already use it; it will help with summarising documents, drafting content and data analysis.

• Mar 17, 2025

  Daniel Marcu joins as Global Head of AI Engineering and Science[36]

  A Partner in Engineering, hired from Amazon's AGI organisation, with more than 35 US patents.

• Jan 21, 2025

  GS AI Assistant reaches about 10,000 employees[35]

  Argenti aims to cover all knowledge workers within the year; answers draw on OpenAI, Google Gemini and Meta Llama models, with Anthropic, Mistral and Cohere under evaluation.

• Jan 15, 2025

  Solomon: AI can draft 95% of an IPO filing in minutes[34]

  At the Cisco AI Summit he says a six-person team once needed two weeks for an S-1; 'the last 5% now matters'. He puts engineers at 11,000 of 46,000 staff.

• Jun 27, 2024

  GS AI Platform: one entry point, several model vendors[33]

  Argenti says the first generative-AI tool, for code generation, reaches thousands of developers by month end; the platform uses Microsoft-hosted GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, Google Gemini and Meta Llama, and the bank had banned in-house ChatGPT.

• Jan 1, 2024

  GitHub Copilot for 12,000 developers[6]

  The first firm-wide generative-AI deployment, to engineering.

Where does Goldman use AI today?

Use-case links open the tracker's rules-by-use-case matrix: which documents govern each system type.

Which AI vendors and fintechs does Goldman work with?

Each vendor and fintech page cites the source for the relationship, and vendor pages list products, pricing and other bank customers. Compare AI tools for banks by category, or read the fintech and neobank AI dossiers.

What has Goldman disclosed in numbers?

“I often describe Goldman Sachs as a human assembly line.”[8]

John Waldron · President and COO · May 12, 2026

“There's a huge danger here that in the era of AI, we outsource our reasoning to these models, and we have cognitive atrophy.”[3]

Chris Churchman · Partner · Aug 24, 2026

“The rapidly accelerating advancements in AI can unlock significant productivity gains for us, and we are confident we can re-invest those gains to continue delivering world-class solutions for our clients.”[21]

David Solomon, John Waldron and Denis Coleman · CEO, President and CFO (staff memo) · Oct 14, 2025

“We see AI as a transformational technology that expands the capabilities of our best-in-class talent.”[27]

David Solomon · Chairman and CEO · Jul 14, 2026

“There’s zero time between idea and prototype.”[26]

Marco Argenti · Chief Information Officer · May 8, 2026

“AI is an opportunity to fundamentally rethink how we work, how we develop talent, how we deliver advice, and how we equip clients to navigate increasingly complex decisions.”[30]

Kim Posnett · Global Co-Head of Investment Banking · Oct 1, 2026

“Digital agents will be our robots.”[32]

John Waldron · President and Chief Operating Officer · Oct 1, 2026

“The choice is not between halting progress and moving forward without guardrails.”[57][56]

David Solomon · Chairman and CEO · Oct 13, 2026

“We have the model. We’re working closely with Anthropic and all of our security vendors to kind of harness frontier capabilities wherever it’s possible.”[43]

David Solomon · Chairman and CEO · Apr 13, 2026

“We’re going to start augmenting our workforce with Devin, which is going to be like our new employee who’s going to start doing stuff on the behalf of our developers.”[39]

Marco Argenti · Chief Information Officer · Jul 11, 2025

“The last 5% now matters because the rest is now a commodity.”[34]

David Solomon · Chairman and CEO · Jan 15, 2025

“When our young folks now start work, they’re managing agents.”[55]

Kevin Sneader · Leader of Asia Pacific (ex-Japan) · Oct 8, 2026

Who runs AI at Goldman?

What AI roles is Goldman hiring for?

Data as of Oct 25, 2026 · 12 AI-titled postings · read from Goldman's own careers site, re-checked weekly

12 open AI-related postings on Goldman's careers site as of Oct 25, 2026. A snapshot of current openings, not a source: postings close. Compare with other banks on which banks are hiring for AI.

Which regulators govern Goldman's AI?

Side by side: SR 11-7 vs SR 26-2 · PRA SS1/23 vs SR 26-2 · MAS AI Risk Management Guidelines vs SR 26-2 · all comparisons.

What does the public record suggest about Goldman's AI strategy?

Analysis by BankingNewsAI from the sources cited on this page. Observations, not advice.

Where does the Goldman record go deeper?

5 topic pages under this profile, each answering one question from the same sourced record.

• What is Goldman Sachs' AI strategy?
• What AI research, patents and partnerships does Goldman Sachs have?
• What technology stack does Goldman Sachs use for AI?
• How does Goldman Sachs govern AI and manage its risks?
• What proprietary AI has Goldman Sachs built in-house?
• Has Goldman Sachs had a publicly reported AI incident?

Which leader rankings does Goldman appear in?

6 of the computed leaders rankings include Goldman, each ranked from the same sourced bank pages.

How does Goldman compare with its peers?

• How does Goldman Sachs compare with its peers on AI and technology?
• Goldman Sachs competitors and alternatives, by business line

Its peer group on this site, by business model and size:

• Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon on AI’s economic impact: ‘There’s very little that we do where we need frontier models’

  fortune.com · Oct 23, 2026

• Goldman Sachs CEO Says Individuals Must Be Held Accountable for AI Failures

  pymnts.com · Oct 23, 2026

• JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs underscore security in AI plans

  bankingdive.com · Oct 23, 2026

• AI could displace one in 11 workers, Goldman says, but the layoffs are likely waiting for a recession

  fortune.com · Oct 22, 2026

• Goldman Sachs Commits $500 Million to Launch Small Business AI Institute and Expand 10,000 Small Businesses

  goldmansachs.com · Oct 22, 2026

1. Goldman Sachs taps Anthropic's Claude to automate accounting, compliance roles
   CNBC · Feb 6, 2026
2. Goldman Sachs teams up with Anthropic to automate banking tasks with AI agents, CNBC reports
   Reuters · Feb 6, 2026
3. Goldman Sachs partner warns of 'huge danger' in letting AI replace bankers' reasoning skills
   CNBC · Aug 24, 2026
4. Goldman Sachs President John Waldron: Our workforce processes will change because of AI
   CNBC · May 12, 2026
5. Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan Chase are emerging as AI winners
   CNBC · Jul 14, 2026
6. Goldman Sachs staff now write a million gen AI prompts a month
   American Banker · Jul 25, 2025
7. Marco Argenti gives Goldman Sachs coders an AI helper
   American Banker · Jun 1, 2026
8. Goldman president says bank is 'human assembly line' facing automation
   American Banker · May 13, 2026
9. Goldman equips AI agents to do trade accounting, onboarding
   American Banker · Feb 13, 2026
10. Goldman leads $110M bet on Taktile's AI software
    American Banker · Jun 29, 2026
11. BBVA and Goldman Sachs invest in OpenAI's new venture
    American Banker · May 14, 2026
12. Wells Fargo, Citi and Goldman lead in AI venture investment
    American Banker · Apr 20, 2026
13. Goldman Is Using Mythos, Working With Anthropic on Cyber Risks
    Bloomberg · Apr 13, 2026
14. Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon on Running a Bank in the Age of AI
    Bloomberg · Jun 4, 2026
15. Anthropic, Blackstone, and Hellman & Friedman Introduce Ode with Anthropic
    Business Wire via FT Markets · Jul 15, 2026
16. Financial Services Roundup: Market Talk (Solomon shareholder letter)
    The Wall Street Journal · Mar 20, 2026
17. The Next Five Years of AI (Journal House session with Daniel Marcu)
    The Wall Street Journal · Aug 25, 2025
18. What to Expect From AI in 2026: Personal Agents, Mega Alliances, and the Gigawatt Ceiling
    Goldman Sachs · Jan 22, 2026
19. AI Exchanges: The Role of Data (transcript)
    Goldman Sachs · Sep 29, 2025
20. Goldman Sachs Reports Third Quarter 2025 Earnings Results (Form 8-K, Exhibit 99.2)
    Goldman Sachs (SEC filing) · Oct 14, 2025
21. Goldman Sachs eyes layoffs and hiring slowdown amid AI push, memo shows
    Reuters · Oct 14, 2025
22. Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Earnings Results Presentation (Form 8-K, Exhibit 99.2)
    Goldman Sachs (SEC filing) · Jan 15, 2026
23. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2025
    Goldman Sachs (SEC filing) · Feb 25, 2026
24. Goldman Sachs (GS) Q1 2026 Earnings Transcript
    The Motley Fool (Yahoo Finance) · Apr 13, 2026
25. Anthropic Partners with Blackstone, Hellman & Friedman, and Goldman Sachs to Launch Enterprise AI Services Firm
    Anthropic (Business Wire) · May 4, 2026
26. Goldman Sachs’ tech boss says tracking individual AI usage isn’t useful
    Fortune · May 8, 2026
27. Goldman Sachs (GS) Q2 2026 Earnings Call Transcript
    The Motley Fool (Yahoo Finance) · Jul 21, 2026
28. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2026
    Goldman Sachs (SEC filing) · Aug 3, 2026
29. NVIDIA Partners With Apollo, BlackRock, Blackstone, Brookfield, Goldman Sachs and KKR to Establish AI Compute Infrastructure Financing Platforms
    NVIDIA (GlobeNewswire) · Aug 10, 2026
30. The Most Powerful Women in Finance, #8, Kim Posnett, Goldman Sachs
    American Banker · Oct 1, 2026
31. The Most Powerful Women in Banking Women to Watch, #12, Ericka Leslie, Goldman Sachs
    American Banker · Oct 1, 2026
32. John Waldron is 'one of the most non-Wall Street people' you've met—but he's in line to be the next CEO of Goldman Sachs
    Fortune · Oct 1, 2026
33. Goldman Sachs Deploys Its First Generative AI Tool Across the Firm
    The Wall Street Journal · Jun 27, 2024
34. Goldman Sachs CEO says that AI can draft 95% of an IPO prospectus in minutes
    Fortune · Jan 17, 2025
35. Goldman Sachs rolls out an AI assistant for its employees as artificial intelligence sweeps Wall Street
    CNBC · Jan 21, 2025
36. Daniel Marcu Joins Goldman Sachs as Partner and Global Head of AI Engineering and Science
    Goldman Sachs · Mar 17, 2025
37. Goldman Sachs launches AI assistant firmwide, memo shows
    Reuters · Jun 23, 2025
38. Banking industry, big tech unite to forge AI adoption guidelines
    Banking Dive · Jun 24, 2025
39. Goldman Sachs is piloting its first autonomous coder in major AI milestone for Wall Street
    CNBC · Jul 11, 2025
40. Goldman Sachs data governance code goes live on Finos
    Finextra · Oct 19, 2020
41. Earnings call transcript: Goldman Sachs Q4 2025 beats EPS forecasts
    Investing.com · Jan 15, 2026
42. Archana Vemulapalli Joins Goldman Sachs as Partner and Head of AI Product Management and Strategic Relations
    Goldman Sachs · Apr 6, 2026
43. Earnings call transcript: Goldman Sachs beats Q1 2026 forecasts, stock dips
    Investing.com · Apr 13, 2026
44. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2026
    Goldman Sachs (SEC filing) · May 1, 2026
45. Marco Argenti gives Goldman Sachs coders an AI helper (Most Innovative People in Finance, #3)
    American Banker · Jun 1, 2026
46. Goldman Sachs Says AI Will Eliminate 15 Million US Jobs
    PYMNTS · Jun 25, 2026
47. How Will AI Impact the Labor Market? (Goldman Sachs Exchanges transcript)
    Goldman Sachs · Jul 2, 2026
48. Earnings call transcript: Goldman Sachs posts record Q2 2026 beat
    Investing.com · Jul 14, 2026
49. Evan Kotsovinos Joins Goldman Sachs as Partner and Head of Asset & Wealth Management Engineering
    Goldman Sachs · Jul 6, 2026
50. Goldman Sachs launches AI investing platform – report
    Private Banker International (Yahoo Finance) · Jul 31, 2026
51. How Goldman Sachs Is Using Agentic AI For Software Engineering At Scale
    Forbes · Aug 6, 2026
52. Building AI Systems for Capital Markets (Goldman Sachs Exchanges)
    Goldman Sachs · Aug 24, 2026
53. Dinesh Keswani Joins Goldman Sachs as Partner and Co-Head of The Core Engineering
    Goldman Sachs · Sep 3, 2026
54. Goldman Sees Hyperscaler AI Capex Rising 50% to $1.2 Trillion
    Bloomberg · Sep 25, 2026
55. Young Bankers to Manage AI Agents From Start, Goldman Exec Says
    Bloomberg · Oct 8, 2026
56. Earnings call transcript: Goldman Sachs tops Q3 2026 estimates as revenue rises
    Investing.com · Oct 13, 2026
57. Goldman's Solomon wants 'clear human accountability' on AI
    American Banker · Oct 13, 2026
58. US12518171B2: Data generation and retraining techniques for fine-tuning of embedding models for efficient data retrieval
    Google Patents (USPTO) · Jan 6, 2026
59. US12585896B1: Embedding-free retriever-augmented generation (RAG) architectures
    Google Patents (USPTO) · Mar 24, 2026
60. US12619620B2: Self-healing generative AI/ML pipeline for generating complex data queries leveraging semantic data model
    Google Patents (USPTO) · May 5, 2026
61. US12688219B2: Enhanced search for information discovery
    Google Patents (USPTO) · Jul 21, 2026
62. US20260072655A1: Context injection for artificial intelligence (AI) coding assistants
    Google Patents (USPTO) · Mar 12, 2026