# ING Groep N.V. competitors: and the alternatives

Source: https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/ing/competitors
Last updated: Oct 20, 2026

*Part of the [ING Groep N.V. AI strategy profile](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/ing). Peer group: BNP Paribas SA, Banco Santander, Deutsche Bank, BBVA, Société Générale, NatWest Group plc, Lloyds Banking Group, Commonwealth Bank of Australia.*

## Who are ING Groep N.V.'s competitors, and what are the alternatives?

ING serves nearly 41 million customers in 10 retail markets and more than 100 wholesale markets, and its 2025 Form 20-F names its home rivals directly: 'Our largest market is the Netherlands, where our main competitors are ABN AMRO Bank and Rabobank.' ABN AMRO, which bought NIBC in November 2025, says its Dutch mortgage share rose to 19%. Abroad, the 20-F says competition is most pronounced in the Netherlands, Belgium, the rest of Western Europe and Australia: in Belgium ING meets BNP Paribas Fortis; in Germany, Deutsche Bank, whose Personal Banking business leads the market with around 18 million clients; in Spain and Poland, Santander, which lists ING first among its Spanish peers and on its Polish list; in Australia, Commonwealth Bank. In wholesale banking it competes with BNP Paribas and Deutsche Bank for European corporates. The non-bank rivals are named by type in ING's own filing: 'Digital banks are competing for retail customers with user-friendly platforms and low fees, while private lenders - including big tech companies - are taking a growing share of business lending', and 'digital tokens and stablecoins are reshaping payment systems'. That points to bunq and Revolut in retail, Adyen in Amsterdam payments, and Circle in stablecoins, where ING joined eight other European banks in September 2025 to form a euro stablecoin company. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Reuters](https://reuters.com/business/finance/dutch-bank-abn-amro-buys-domestic-peer-nibc-bank-2025-11-12), [Deutsche Bank AG (SEC filings)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1159508/000115950826000017/db-20251231.htm), [Banco Santander, S.A. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/891478/000089147826000030/san-20251231.htm), [Reuters](https://reuters.com/business/finance/big-european-banks-form-company-launch-stablecoin-2025-09-25))

## What does ING say about its competition?

ING Groep N.V. Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2025 (filed 26 February 2026), "Competition": "There is substantial competition in the countries in which we do business for the types of Wholesale Banking, Retail Banking, Business Banking and other products and services we provide. In recent years, competition has further increased in both developed and emerging markets. Our largest market is the Netherlands, where our main competitors are ABN AMRO Bank and Rabobank." ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm))

The same section continues: "Traditional banks are no longer the sole providers of financial services. Digital innovation and AI-driven low-cost models are driving competition from fintechs, non-bank lenders, and technology companies. Digital banks are competing for retail customers with user-friendly platforms and low fees, while private lenders – including big tech companies – are taking a growing share of business lending. At the same time, innovations such as digital tokens and stablecoins are reshaping payment systems, moving them beyond traditional banking channels." It adds that "banking products and services have mostly become commodified" and that "Winners will be those with a strong trusted brand and a superior digital experience". ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm))

The risk factors locate the pressure: "Such competition is most pronounced in our more mature markets of the Netherlands, Belgium, the rest of Western Europe and Australia." They warn that "Competitive dynamics continue to evolve as a result of platform-based players and fintechs, regulatory changes affecting payments and data access, and accelerated cloud-native operating models, which may intensify price and service-level pressure across retail and wholesale", and that new entrants "may rely on new technologies, advanced data and analytic tools, lower cost to serve, less extensive oversight from regulators compared to the frameworks established in respect of traditional banks and/or faster processes to challenge traditional banks." ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm))

## Who competes with ING in each of its businesses?

| Business line | Competitor | Type | Why it competes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Home market: the Netherlands | ABN AMRO | Bank | ING's 2025 20-F names ABN AMRO as one of its two main Dutch competitors; ABN AMRO bought domestic lender NIBC for about EUR 960 million in November 2025 and said its Dutch mortgage share rose to 19%. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Reuters](https://reuters.com/business/finance/dutch-bank-abn-amro-buys-domestic-peer-nibc-bank-2025-11-12)) |
| Home market: the Netherlands | Rabobank | Bank | ING's 2025 20-F names Rabobank as one of its two main competitors in the Netherlands, its largest market. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm)) |
| Home market: the Netherlands | [bunq](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/bunq) | Fintech | Amsterdam-based bunq is a Dutch bank supervised by De Nederlandsche Bank with 20 million users across more than 30 European markets (September 2025), the kind of low-fee digital bank ING's 20-F says is competing for retail customers. ([bunq](https://press.bunq.com/254046-bunq-reaches-20-million-users-as-it-marks-its-10th-anniversary), [De Nederlandsche Bank](https://www.dnb.nl/en/general-news/enforcement-measures-2025/fine-for-bunq-b-v-for-insufficient-customer-due-diligence/), [ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm)) |
| Retail banking abroad: Belgium, Germany, Spain, Poland, Australia | [BNP Paribas Fortis](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bnp-paribas) | Bank | ING's 20-F says competition is most pronounced in the Netherlands and Belgium; BNP Paribas Fortis is BNP Paribas's Belgian bank, and BNP's Nickel and Floa also operate in Belgium. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [BNP Paribas](https://invest.bnpparibas/en/document/universal-registration-document-annual-financial-report-2025-pdf)) |
| Retail banking abroad: Belgium, Germany, Spain, Poland, Australia | [Deutsche Bank (Postbank)](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/deutsche-bank) | Bank | Deutsche Bank's Personal Banking leads the German market with around 18 million clients through Deutsche Bank and Postbank, and its 20-F names 'new international banks entering the German market' among its rivals; ING reports a Retail Germany segment. ([Deutsche Bank AG (SEC filings)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1159508/000115950826000017/db-20251231.htm), [ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm)) |
| Retail banking abroad: Belgium, Germany, Spain, Poland, Australia | [Santander](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/santander) | Bank | Santander's 2025 report lists ING first among its key peers in Spain and also on its Polish peer list, the two markets where they meet most directly. ([Banco Santander, S.A. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/891478/000089147826000030/san-20251231.htm)) |
| Retail banking abroad: Belgium, Germany, Spain, Poland, Australia | [BBVA](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bbva) | Bank | BBVA, CaixaBank and Santander held about 68.5% of Spanish loans and 65.6% of deposits at September 2025, and BBVA sits with ING on Santander's list of key Spanish peers. ([Banco Santander, S.A. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/891478/000089147826000030/san-20251231.htm)) |
| Retail banking abroad: Belgium, Germany, Spain, Poland, Australia | [Commonwealth Bank of Australia](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/commonwealth-bank) | Bank | ING's 20-F names Australia among the mature markets where competition is most pronounced; Commonwealth Bank reported A$1,452,456 million of total assets at 30 June 2026. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Commonwealth Bank of Australia](https://commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank-assets/investors/2026/CBA-2026-Annual-Report-print.pdf)) |
| Retail banking abroad: Belgium, Germany, Spain, Poland, Australia | [Revolut](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/revolut) | Fintech | Revolut's EU bank has been directly supervised by the ECB as a significant institution since 1 January 2024, serving customers across ING's euro-area markets; ING's 20-F says digital banks compete with 'user-friendly platforms and low fees'. ([European Central Bank, Banking Supervision](https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/press/other-publications/publications/significance-assessment/pdf/ssm.sar2023.en.pdf), [ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm)) |
| Wholesale Banking: lending, payments and cash management, trade | [BNP Paribas](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bnp-paribas) | Bank | BNP Paribas claims number one in Europe for cash management for large corporates, trade finance and factoring (2025 Universal Registration Document); ING sells payments and cash management and trade and treasury services to corporates in more than 100 wholesale markets. ([BNP Paribas](https://invest.bnpparibas/en/document/universal-registration-document-annual-financial-report-2025-pdf), [ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm)) |
| Wholesale Banking: lending, payments and cash management, trade | [Deutsche Bank](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/deutsche-bank) | Bank | Deutsche Bank's Corporate Bank sells cash management, trade finance and lending to European corporates and cites a 'No. 1 Best Trade Finance Bank' award (2025 Form 20-F). ([Deutsche Bank AG (SEC filings)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1159508/000115950826000017/db-20251231.htm)) |
| Payments: acquiring and stablecoins | [Adyen](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/adyen) | Payments company | Adyen, also headquartered in Amsterdam, processed EUR 803.8 billion of payments in the first half of 2026; ING's 20-F names platform-based players among the forces intensifying price pressure in payments. ([Adyen](https://www.adyen.com/press-and-media/adyen-publishes-h1-2026-financial-results-3wjne), [ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm)) |
| Payments: acquiring and stablecoins | [Circle](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/circle) | Fintech | ING's 20-F says stablecoins are 'reshaping payment systems'; Circle had $73.3 billion of USDC in circulation in the second quarter of 2026, while euro stablecoins totalled about $620 million when ING and eight other banks formed a euro stablecoin company in September 2025. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Circle](https://www.circle.com/pressroom/circle-reports-second-quarter-2026-results), [Reuters](https://reuters.com/business/finance/big-european-banks-form-company-launch-stablecoin-2025-09-25)) |

## How do the AI and digital offerings of ING's competitors compare?

ING first, then each competitor. Use-case counts, index scores and latest moves are computed from our profiles of each company; "No profile" means this site has no page on it yet.

| Company | AI or digital offering | On the record (our profiles) | Latest dated AI move |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [ING Groep N.V. (this page)](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/ing) | Central AI platform on Google Cloud (VISTA data layer) and the AI Risk Committee ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Investing.com](https://investing.com/news/transcripts/ing-at-bank-of-america-31th-annual-financials-ceo-conference-growth-lifts-targets-93CH-4912460), [Computer Weekly](https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366637057/Interview-How-ING-reaps-benefits-of-centralising-AI)) | [Index 65.2 (#53); 16 use cases, 10 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/ing) | CEO at the BofA conference: 600 AI staff, Google as main partner (Sep 23, 2026) ([Investing.com](https://investing.com/news/transcripts/ing-at-bank-of-america-31th-annual-financials-ceo-conference-growth-lifts-targets-93CH-4912460), [MarketBeat via Yahoo Finance](https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/stocks/articles/ing-group-raises-2027-roe-010217370.html)) |
| ABN AMRO | Not disclosed | No profile | Not disclosed |
| Rabobank | Not disclosed | No profile | Not disclosed |
| [bunq](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/bunq) | Finn, a multi-agent assistant on Claude that handles about 97% of support activity ([Amazon Web Services (co-authored with bunq)](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/machine-learning/how-bunq-handles-97-of-support-with-amazon-bedrock/)) | [6 use cases, 6 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/bunq) | OCC denies the bunq US Bank charter (Aug 4, 2026) ([Office of the Comptroller of the Currency](https://www.occ.gov/topics/charters-and-licensing/interpretations-and-decisions/2026/cd1384.pdf), [Banking Dive](https://www.bankingdive.com/news/bunq-bank-charter-application-rejected-occ-wise-niknam-finra-broker-dealer-license/827453/)) |
| [BNP Paribas Fortis](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bnp-paribas) | HelloïZ assistant for more than one million Hello bank! clients ([BNP Paribas](https://group.bnpparibas/en/press-release/bnp-paribas-and-mistral-ai-extend-their-partnership-to-support-the-next-phase-of-generative-ai-deployment-within-the-group)) | [Index 72 (#43); 20 use cases, 12 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bnp-paribas) | Five-year Google Cloud partnership for agentic AI (Sep 24, 2026) ([BNP Paribas](https://group.bnpparibas/en/press-release/bnp-paribas-and-google-cloud-announce-new-partnership-on-agentic-ai-and-cloud-innovation), [Finextra](https://finextra.com/newsarticle/48475/bnp-paribas-forges-agentic-ai-partnership-with-google-cloud)) |
| [Deutsche Bank (Postbank)](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/deutsche-bank) | Private Bank targets more than 80% of inbound inquiries AI-assisted by 2028 ([Deutsche Bank](https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/other-presentations-and-events/2025/IDD-2025-Presentation-Private-Bank-Claudio-de-Sanctis.pdf)) | [Index 78.9 (#22); 17 use cases, 10 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/deutsche-bank) | Farsight deployed on-premise in investment banking and capital markets (Oct 13, 2026) ([Farsight (GlobeNewswire via Yahoo Finance)](https://finance.yahoo.com/technology/ai/articles/deutsche-bank-deploys-farsight-premise-130000245.html)) |
| [Santander](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/santander) | AI access for all 185,000 employees; more than 280 process-automation agents in production ([Banco Santander](https://santander.com/en/stories/santander-turns-its-ai-first-strategy-into-measurable-impact-and-extends-ai-access-to-all-185000-employees)) | [Index 71.3 (#46); 19 use cases, 11 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/santander) | Santander AI Lab releases the A2K protocol suite (Sep 23, 2026) ([Banco Santander](https://www.santander.com/en/stories/a2k-a-new-protocol-for-connecting-ai-agents-to-governed-auditable-enterprise-knowledge)) |
| [BBVA](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bbva) | ChatGPT Enterprise for all 120,000 employees; voice agents resolving close to 90% of interactions in pilots ([OpenAI](https://openai.com/index/bbva-collaboration-expansion/), [BBVA](https://www.bbva.com/en/innovation/bbva-creates-a-model-to-scale-ai-across-the-group-and-drive-its-customer-centric-transformation/)) | [Index 77.2 (#27); 19 use cases, 12 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bbva) | First European bank to join the Poppy agent protocol (Oct 13, 2026) ([BBVA](https://www.bbva.com/en/innovation/bbva-helps-design-a-common-protocol-led-by-sierra-ai-and-meta-to-connect-ai-agents-with-businesses/)) |
| [Commonwealth Bank of Australia](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/commonwealth-bank) | Virtual messaging resolving 86% of conversations end to end ([Commonwealth Bank of Australia](https://commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank-assets/investors/2026/CBA-2026-Full-Year-Results-Transcript.pdf)) | [Index 88.2 (#7); 20 use cases, 16 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/commonwealth-bank) | AGM: Comyn calls for AI regulation to keep pace (Oct 14, 2026) ([Commonwealth Bank of Australia](https://commbank.com.au/articles/newsroom/2026/10/agm-ceo-address.html), [Commonwealth Bank of Australia](https://commbank.com.au/articles/newsroom/2026/10/agm-chair-address.html)) |
| [Revolut](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/revolut) | AIR assistant for everyday money tasks (April 2026) ([Revolut](https://www.revolut.com/news/revolut_enters_new_era_of_money_intelligence_with_launch_of_ai_assistant/)) | [7 use cases, 5 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/revolut) | OCC grants conditional approval for a US national bank charter (Sep 3, 2026) ([Revolut](https://www.revolut.com/en-US/news/revolut_receives_conditional_approval_from_u_s_office_of_the_comptroller_of_the_currency_to_form_a_national_bank/), [American Banker](https://www.americanbanker.com/news/revolut-wins-us-charter-with-limits-on-four-products)) |
| [BNP Paribas](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bnp-paribas) | Gemini agents for corporate credit memos in CIB ([BNP Paribas](https://group.bnpparibas/en/press-release/bnp-paribas-and-google-cloud-announce-new-partnership-on-agentic-ai-and-cloud-innovation)) | [Index 72 (#43); 20 use cases, 12 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bnp-paribas) | Five-year Google Cloud partnership for agentic AI (Sep 24, 2026) ([BNP Paribas](https://group.bnpparibas/en/press-release/bnp-paribas-and-google-cloud-announce-new-partnership-on-agentic-ai-and-cloud-innovation), [Finextra](https://finextra.com/newsarticle/48475/bnp-paribas-forges-agentic-ai-partnership-with-google-cloud)) |
| [Deutsche Bank](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/deutsche-bank) | Corporate Bank targets 100% AI-enabled core processing by 2028 ([Deutsche Bank](https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/other-presentations-and-events/2025/IDD-2025-Presentation-Corporate-Bank-Fabrizio-Campelli.pdf)) | [Index 78.9 (#22); 17 use cases, 10 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/deutsche-bank) | Farsight deployed on-premise in investment banking and capital markets (Oct 13, 2026) ([Farsight (GlobeNewswire via Yahoo Finance)](https://finance.yahoo.com/technology/ai/articles/deutsche-bank-deploys-farsight-premise-130000245.html)) |
| [Adyen](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/adyen) | Adyen Agentic for agent-initiated commerce (June 2026) ([Adyen via PR Newswire](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/adyen-announces-adyen-agentic-as-the-universal-translator-for-the-next-era-of-commerce-302801269.html)) | [7 use cases, 4 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/adyen) | Adyen Index Singapore: 'The agentic paradox' (Sep 23, 2026) ([Adyen](https://adyen.com/en_SG/knowledge-hub/adyen-index-sg-ch2-agentic-commerce)) |
| [Circle](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/circle) | Circle Agent Stack: policy-controlled USDC wallets for AI agents (May 2026) ([Circle](https://www.circle.com/pressroom/circle-launches-ai-infrastructure-to-power-the-agentic-economy)) | [7 use cases, 6 in production](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/circle) | Chainalysis counts 138 million agent payments on Base (Oct 14, 2026) ([Fortune](https://fortune.com/2026/10/14/ai-agents-shopping-spree-payments-base-blockchain-138-million-chainalysis/)) |

## Who should look beyond ING, and where?

| If you are | Look at | Why |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dutch customers who want an app-only bank with a built-in AI assistant | [bunq](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/bunq) | bunq is a Dutch bank supervised by De Nederlandsche Bank with 20 million users in more than 30 markets, and its Finn assistant handles about 97% of support activity; ING's own chatbot handled 75% of chats without a human in 2025. ([bunq](https://press.bunq.com/254046-bunq-reaches-20-million-users-as-it-marks-its-10th-anniversary), [Amazon Web Services (co-authored with bunq)](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/machine-learning/how-bunq-handles-97-of-support-with-amazon-bedrock/), [ING Groep N.V.](https://ing.com/binaries/content/assets/documents/investors/20260318---driving-value-through-digitalisation-scalability-and-genai.pdf)) |
| Dutch customers who prefer a cooperative bank or a domestic rival | Rabobank or ABN AMRO | ING's 20-F names ABN AMRO and Rabobank as its main competitors in the Netherlands; ABN AMRO reported a 19% Dutch mortgage share after buying NIBC. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Reuters](https://reuters.com/business/finance/dutch-bank-abn-amro-buys-domestic-peer-nibc-bank-2025-11-12)) |
| Merchants that want one global acquirer rather than a bank | [Adyen](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/adyen) | Amsterdam-based Adyen processed EUR 803.8 billion in the first half of 2026 and launched Adyen Agentic in June 2026; ING's 20-F names platform-based players as a source of price pressure in payments. ([Adyen](https://www.adyen.com/press-and-media/adyen-publishes-h1-2026-financial-results-3wjne), [Adyen via PR Newswire](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/adyen-announces-adyen-agentic-as-the-universal-translator-for-the-next-era-of-commerce-302801269.html), [ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm)) |
| German customers who want a full-service branch bank | [Deutsche Bank or Postbank](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/deutsche-bank) | Deutsche Bank's Personal Banking leads the German market with around 18 million clients, with Deutsche Bank as the Hausbank for advice and Postbank for everyday banking; ING launched Instant Mortgages in Germany with a binding credit decision in under 30 minutes. ([Deutsche Bank AG (SEC filings)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1159508/000115950826000017/db-20251231.htm), [ING Groep N.V.](https://ing.com/binaries/content/assets/documents/results/2q2026/2q2026-ing-press-release.pdf)) |
| Small businesses and individuals that mainly need cross-border transfers and multi-currency accounts | [Wise](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/fintech/wise) | Wise sells cross-border accounts directly and says in its 20-F that 'Our primary competitors are traditional banks'; ING's 20-F says AI-driven low-cost models are driving competition from fintechs. ([Wise Group plc via SEC EDGAR](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2099039/000119312526282911/d17323d20f.htm), [ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm)) |
| Customers in Spain who want a branch network | [Santander or BBVA](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/santander) | Santander, BBVA and CaixaBank held about 68.5% of Spanish loans and 65.6% of deposits at September 2025, and Santander lists ING first among its Spanish peers; Santander's 20-F says online banks have increased competition mainly for deposits. ([Banco Santander, S.A. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/891478/000089147826000030/san-20251231.htm)) |

## Who does ING compete with in each of its markets?

Rivals named in ING's own 20-F, or naming ING in theirs; facts as each source reports them.

| Market | Named rivals | What the record says | Source basis |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Netherlands | ABN AMRO, Rabobank; bunq | ING's largest market; ABN AMRO at 19% of Dutch mortgages after buying NIBC | ING 20-F; Reuters, November 2025 ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Reuters](https://reuters.com/business/finance/dutch-bank-abn-amro-buys-domestic-peer-nibc-bank-2025-11-12)) |
| Belgium | BNP Paribas Fortis | Competition 'most pronounced' in the Netherlands and Belgium | ING 20-F; BNP URD ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [BNP Paribas](https://invest.bnpparibas/en/document/universal-registration-document-annual-financial-report-2025-pdf)) |
| Germany | Deutsche Bank and Postbank | Deutsche leads with around 18 million Personal Banking clients | Deutsche Bank 20-F ([Deutsche Bank AG (SEC filings)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1159508/000115950826000017/db-20251231.htm)) |
| Spain and Poland | Santander (and BBVA in Spain) | Santander lists ING first among Spanish peers and on its Polish list | Santander 20-F ([Banco Santander, S.A. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/891478/000089147826000030/san-20251231.htm)) |
| Australia | Commonwealth Bank | A mature market where ING says competition is most pronounced | ING 20-F; CBA annual report ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Commonwealth Bank of Australia](https://commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank-assets/investors/2026/CBA-2026-Annual-Report-print.pdf)) |
| Euro payments | Adyen; US-dollar stablecoins such as Circle's USDC | Euro stablecoins about $620 million against nearly $300 billion of global issuance (September 2025) | Reuters; Circle Q2 2026 ([Reuters](https://reuters.com/business/finance/big-european-banks-form-company-launch-stablecoin-2025-09-25), [Circle](https://www.circle.com/pressroom/circle-reports-second-quarter-2026-results)) |

## How is ING responding to the digital banks and payment firms it names as rivals?

ING's 20-F argues that with banking products 'mostly commodified', the winners will have 'a strong trusted brand and a superior digital experience'. Its AI programme targets exactly the cost-to-serve gap with digital banks: chatbots live in seven countries handling 75% of chats without a human in 2025, 81.8% of retail customer journeys handled without manual intervention at year-end 2025, 65% instant credit decisions on Dutch consumer loans, and about 1,250 fewer Operations FTEs expected in 2026. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [ING Groep N.V.](https://ing.com/binaries/content/assets/documents/investors/20260318---driving-value-through-digitalisation-scalability-and-genai.pdf))

On payments, ING is building alongside rivals rather than only against them. It was one of nine European banks that formed an Amsterdam-based company in September 2025 to launch a euro stablecoin in the second half of 2026, 'a real European alternative to the U.S.-dominated stablecoin market'; it ran agentic-payment pilots with Worldline, Mastercard and Visa in mid-2026; and it co-authored six-bank principles asking for audit trails and dispute processes for agent-initiated payments. ([Reuters](https://reuters.com/business/finance/big-european-banks-form-company-launch-stablecoin-2025-09-25), [Finextra](https://finextra.com/newsarticle/47844/ing-complete-live-end-to-end-european-agentic-payment-transaction), [Worldline via GlobeNewswire](https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/07/02/3321259/0/en/worldline-worldline-ing-and-visa-complete-a-live-agentic-payment-transaction-in-europe-press-release.html), [ING Group, ASB Bank, Bank of America, Capital One, Commonwealth Bank of Australia and NatWest Group](https://ing.com/binaries/content/assets/documents/news/principles-paper-building-trust-in-agentic-commerce))

## Common questions

### Who are ING's biggest competitors?

ING's 2025 20-F names ABN AMRO and Rabobank as its main competitors in the Netherlands, its largest market. Abroad it meets BNP Paribas Fortis in Belgium, Deutsche Bank and Postbank in Germany, Santander and BBVA in Spain, Santander and others in Poland, and Commonwealth Bank in Australia, plus digital banks such as bunq and Revolut. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Deutsche Bank AG (SEC filings)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1159508/000115950826000017/db-20251231.htm), [Banco Santander, S.A. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/891478/000089147826000030/san-20251231.htm), [bunq](https://press.bunq.com/254046-bunq-reaches-20-million-users-as-it-marks-its-10th-anniversary))

### ING vs ABN AMRO: how do they compete?

They are two of the Netherlands' main banks, and ING's 20-F names ABN AMRO with Rabobank as its main Dutch competitors. ABN AMRO bought NIBC for about EUR 960 million in November 2025 and said its Dutch mortgage market share rose to 19%. ABN AMRO does not have a page on this site. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Reuters](https://reuters.com/business/finance/dutch-bank-abn-amro-buys-domestic-peer-nibc-bank-2025-11-12))

### Is bunq a competitor of ING?

Yes, in Dutch and European retail banking. bunq is a Dutch bank supervised by De Nederlandsche Bank with 20 million users across more than 30 European markets, and its Finn assistant handles about 97% of support activity. ING's 20-F says digital banks compete for retail customers with user-friendly platforms and low fees. ([bunq](https://press.bunq.com/254046-bunq-reaches-20-million-users-as-it-marks-its-10th-anniversary), [Amazon Web Services (co-authored with bunq)](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/machine-learning/how-bunq-handles-97-of-support-with-amazon-bedrock/), [ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm))

### Does ING compete with Santander?

Yes, in Spain and Poland. Santander's 2025 report lists ING first among its key peers in Spain, alongside Bankinter, BBVA, CaixaBank, Sabadell and Unicaja, and includes ING in its Polish peer list. On this site's AI reference score Santander is at 71.3 and ING at 65.2. ([Banco Santander, S.A. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/891478/000089147826000030/san-20251231.htm))

### Are stablecoins a competitor to ING?

ING's 20-F says 'digital tokens and stablecoins are reshaping payment systems, moving them beyond traditional banking channels'. Circle had $73.3 billion of USDC in circulation in the second quarter of 2026; ING joined eight other European banks in September 2025 to form a company to issue a euro stablecoin. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Circle](https://www.circle.com/pressroom/circle-reports-second-quarter-2026-results), [Reuters](https://reuters.com/business/finance/big-european-banks-form-company-launch-stablecoin-2025-09-25))

### What are alternatives to ING in Germany?

Deutsche Bank, whose Personal Banking business leads the German market with around 18 million clients through the Deutsche Bank and Postbank brands, and app banks such as N26 and Revolut. ING, which reports a Retail Germany segment, launched Instant Mortgages there with a binding credit decision in under 30 minutes. ([Deutsche Bank AG (SEC filings)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1159508/000115950826000017/db-20251231.htm), [N26](https://n26.com/en-eu/press/press-release/n26-delivers-over-500m-euro-revenue-and-350m-euro-gross-profit-in-2025-hitting-first-full-year-of-net-profitability), [ING Groep N.V.](https://ing.com/binaries/content/assets/documents/results/2q2026/2q2026-ing-press-release.pdf))

### Is Revolut a competitor of ING?

Yes, in euro-area retail banking. Revolut's EU bank has been directly supervised by the ECB as a significant institution since 1 January 2024 and launched its AIR assistant in April 2026. ING's 20-F says digital banks are 'competing for retail customers with user-friendly platforms and low fees', and that AI-driven low-cost models are driving competition from fintechs. ([European Central Bank, Banking Supervision](https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/press/other-publications/publications/significance-assessment/pdf/ssm.sar2023.en.pdf), [Revolut](https://www.revolut.com/news/revolut_enters_new_era_of_money_intelligence_with_launch_of_ai_assistant/), [ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm))

### Does big tech compete with ING?

ING's 2025 20-F says so for business lending: 'private lenders – including big tech companies – are taking a growing share of business lending'. It also names technology companies among the sources of AI-driven, low-cost competition, alongside fintechs and non-bank lenders, without naming specific firms. Google is, at the same time, ING's main AI technology partner. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Investing.com](https://investing.com/news/transcripts/ing-at-bank-of-america-31th-annual-financials-ceo-conference-growth-lifts-targets-93CH-4912460))

### ING vs Commonwealth Bank in Australia: how do they compare?

ING's 20-F lists Australia among the mature markets where competition is most pronounced. Commonwealth Bank is far larger at home, with A$1,452,456 million of total assets at 30 June 2026, and on AI it reports 86% of virtual-messaging conversations resolved end to end; ING runs a GenAI chatbot in Australia among its seven chatbot countries. ([ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm), [Commonwealth Bank of Australia](https://commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank-assets/investors/2026/CBA-2026-Annual-Report-print.pdf), [Commonwealth Bank of Australia](https://commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank-assets/investors/2026/CBA-2026-Full-Year-Results-Transcript.pdf), [ING Groep N.V.](https://ing.com/binaries/content/assets/documents/investors/20260318---driving-value-through-digitalisation-scalability-and-genai.pdf))

### Who competes with ING in wholesale banking?

The European corporate banks it meets in more than 100 wholesale markets, including BNP Paribas, which claims number one in Europe for cash management for large corporates and trade finance, and Deutsche Bank, whose Corporate Bank sells the same services. ING's 20-F adds that private lenders, including big tech companies, are taking a growing share of business lending. ([BNP Paribas](https://invest.bnpparibas/en/document/universal-registration-document-annual-financial-report-2025-pdf), [Deutsche Bank AG (SEC filings)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1159508/000115950826000017/db-20251231.htm), [ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm))

## Peers on this site

- [BNP Paribas SA AI strategy](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bnp-paribas) · [vs peers](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bnp-paribas/vs-peers)
- [Banco Santander AI strategy](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/santander) · [vs peers](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/santander/vs-peers)
- [Deutsche Bank AI strategy](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/deutsche-bank) · [vs peers](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/deutsche-bank/vs-peers)
- [BBVA AI strategy](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bbva) · [vs peers](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/bbva/vs-peers)
- [Société Générale AI strategy](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/societe-generale) · [vs peers](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/societe-generale/vs-peers)
- [NatWest Group plc AI strategy](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/natwest) · [vs peers](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/natwest/vs-peers)
- [Lloyds Banking Group AI strategy](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/lloyds) · [vs peers](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/lloyds/vs-peers)
- [Commonwealth Bank of Australia AI strategy](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/commonwealth-bank) · [vs peers](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/banks/commonwealth-bank/vs-peers)

## Sources

1. ING Groep N.V. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 — ING Groep N.V. (SEC filing), Feb 26, 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001039765/000162828026011979/ing-20251231.htm
2. Dutch bank ABN Amro buys domestic peer NIBC for $1.1 billion — Reuters, Nov 12, 2025. https://reuters.com/business/finance/dutch-bank-abn-amro-buys-domestic-peer-nibc-bank-2025-11-12
3. Deutsche Bank Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F — Deutsche Bank AG (SEC filings), Mar 12, 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1159508/000115950826000017/db-20251231.htm
4. Banco Santander, S.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2025 (official peer group by country) — Banco Santander, S.A. (SEC filing), Feb 27, 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/891478/000089147826000030/san-20251231.htm
5. European banks to launch euro stablecoin in bid to counter US dominance — Reuters, Sep 25, 2025. https://reuters.com/business/finance/big-european-banks-form-company-launch-stablecoin-2025-09-25
6. bunq reaches 20 million users as it marks its 10th anniversary — bunq, Sep 9, 2025. https://press.bunq.com/254046-bunq-reaches-20-million-users-as-it-marks-its-10th-anniversary
7. Fine for bunq B.V. for insufficient customer due diligence — De Nederlandsche Bank, Aug 25, 2025. https://www.dnb.nl/en/general-news/enforcement-measures-2025/fine-for-bunq-b-v-for-insufficient-customer-due-diligence/
8. 2025 Universal Registration Document and Annual Financial Report — BNP Paribas, Mar 19, 2026. https://invest.bnpparibas/en/document/universal-registration-document-annual-financial-report-2025-pdf
9. 2026 Annual Report — Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Aug 12, 2026. https://commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank-assets/investors/2026/CBA-2026-Annual-Report-print.pdf
10. Significance Assessment: 2023 at a glance – moving to 2024 — European Central Bank, Banking Supervision, Dec 21, 2023. https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/press/other-publications/publications/significance-assessment/pdf/ssm.sar2023.en.pdf
11. Adyen publishes H1 2026 financial results — Adyen, Aug 13, 2026. https://www.adyen.com/press-and-media/adyen-publishes-h1-2026-financial-results-3wjne
12. Circle Reports Second Quarter 2026 Results — Circle, Aug 5, 2026. https://www.circle.com/pressroom/circle-reports-second-quarter-2026-results
13. ING at Bank of America 31th Annual Financials CEO Conference: growth lifts targets — Investing.com, Sep 23, 2026. https://investing.com/news/transcripts/ing-at-bank-of-america-31th-annual-financials-ceo-conference-growth-lifts-targets-93CH-4912460
14. Interview: How ING reaps benefits of centralising AI (undated page, retrieved 2026-10-05) — Computer Weekly, Oct 5, 2026. https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366637057/Interview-How-ING-reaps-benefits-of-centralising-AI
15. ING Group Raises 2027 ROE Target Above 16% as Revenue, AI Drive Growth — MarketBeat via Yahoo Finance, Sep 25, 2026. https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/stocks/articles/ing-group-raises-2027-roe-010217370.html
16. How bunq handles 97% of support with Amazon Bedrock — Amazon Web Services (co-authored with bunq), Jan 21, 2026. https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/machine-learning/how-bunq-handles-97-of-support-with-amazon-bedrock/
17. Corporate Decision #1384: Denial of application to charter bunq US Bank, National Association — Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Aug 4, 2026. https://www.occ.gov/topics/charters-and-licensing/interpretations-and-decisions/2026/cd1384.pdf
18. Bunq rejected for OCC bank charter — Banking Dive, Aug 10, 2026. https://www.bankingdive.com/news/bunq-bank-charter-application-rejected-occ-wise-niknam-finra-broker-dealer-license/827453/
19. BNP Paribas and Mistral AI extend their partnership to support the next phase of generative AI deployment within the Group — BNP Paribas, May 26, 2026. https://group.bnpparibas/en/press-release/bnp-paribas-and-mistral-ai-extend-their-partnership-to-support-the-next-phase-of-generative-ai-deployment-within-the-group
20. BNP Paribas and Google Cloud Announce New Partnership on Agentic AI and Cloud Innovation — BNP Paribas, Sep 24, 2026. https://group.bnpparibas/en/press-release/bnp-paribas-and-google-cloud-announce-new-partnership-on-agentic-ai-and-cloud-innovation
21. BNP Paribas forges agentic AI partnership with Google Cloud — Finextra, Sep 25, 2026. https://finextra.com/newsarticle/48475/bnp-paribas-forges-agentic-ai-partnership-with-google-cloud
22. Investor Deep Dive 2025: Private Bank presentation (Claudio de Sanctis) — Deutsche Bank, Nov 17, 2025. https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/other-presentations-and-events/2025/IDD-2025-Presentation-Private-Bank-Claudio-de-Sanctis.pdf
23. Deutsche Bank Deploys Farsight On-Premise Across Investment Banking and Capital Markets in Europe and the Americas — Farsight (GlobeNewswire via Yahoo Finance), Oct 13, 2026. https://finance.yahoo.com/technology/ai/articles/deutsche-bank-deploys-farsight-premise-130000245.html
24. Santander turns its AI-first strategy into measurable impact and extends AI access to all 185,000 employees — Banco Santander, Jun 22, 2026. https://santander.com/en/stories/santander-turns-its-ai-first-strategy-into-measurable-impact-and-extends-ai-access-to-all-185000-employees
25. A2K: a new protocol suite for connecting AI agents to governed, auditable enterprise knowledge — Banco Santander, Sep 23, 2026. https://www.santander.com/en/stories/a2k-a-new-protocol-for-connecting-ai-agents-to-governed-auditable-enterprise-knowledge
26. BBVA and OpenAI collaborate to transform global banking — OpenAI, Dec 12, 2025. https://openai.com/index/bbva-collaboration-expansion/
27. BBVA creates a model to scale AI across the Group and drive its customer-centric transformation — BBVA, Oct 6, 2026. https://www.bbva.com/en/innovation/bbva-creates-a-model-to-scale-ai-across-the-group-and-drive-its-customer-centric-transformation/
28. BBVA will help design a common protocol led by Sierra AI and Meta to connect AI agents with businesses — BBVA, Oct 13, 2026. https://www.bbva.com/en/innovation/bbva-helps-design-a-common-protocol-led-by-sierra-ai-and-meta-to-connect-ai-agents-with-businesses/
29. CBA 2026 Full Year Results Transcript — Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Aug 12, 2026. https://commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank-assets/investors/2026/CBA-2026-Full-Year-Results-Transcript.pdf
30. 2026 Commonwealth Bank AGM: CEO's address — Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Oct 14, 2026. https://commbank.com.au/articles/newsroom/2026/10/agm-ceo-address.html
31. 2026 Commonwealth Bank AGM: Chair's address — Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Oct 14, 2026. https://commbank.com.au/articles/newsroom/2026/10/agm-chair-address.html
32. Revolut enters new era of money intelligence with launch of AI assistant — Revolut, Apr 9, 2026. https://www.revolut.com/news/revolut_enters_new_era_of_money_intelligence_with_launch_of_ai_assistant/
33. Revolut Receives Conditional Approval from U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to Form a National Bank — Revolut, Sep 3, 2026. https://www.revolut.com/en-US/news/revolut_receives_conditional_approval_from_u_s_office_of_the_comptroller_of_the_currency_to_form_a_national_bank/
34. Revolut wins US charter with limits on four products — American Banker, Sep 3, 2026. https://www.americanbanker.com/news/revolut-wins-us-charter-with-limits-on-four-products
35. Investor Deep Dive 2025: Corporate Bank presentation (Fabrizio Campelli) — Deutsche Bank, Nov 17, 2025. https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/other-presentations-and-events/2025/IDD-2025-Presentation-Corporate-Bank-Fabrizio-Campelli.pdf
36. Adyen Announces Adyen Agentic As the Universal Translator for the Next Era of Commerce — Adyen via PR Newswire, Jun 16, 2026. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/adyen-announces-adyen-agentic-as-the-universal-translator-for-the-next-era-of-commerce-302801269.html
37. Chapter 2: The agentic paradox — Adyen, Sep 23, 2026. https://adyen.com/en_SG/knowledge-hub/adyen-index-sg-ch2-agentic-commerce
38. Circle Launches AI Infrastructure to Power the Agentic Economy — Circle, May 11, 2026. https://www.circle.com/pressroom/circle-launches-ai-infrastructure-to-power-the-agentic-economy
39. AI agents are on a shopping spree: Total payments on Base blockchain eclipse 138 million, Chainalysis finds — Fortune, Oct 14, 2026. https://fortune.com/2026/10/14/ai-agents-shopping-spree-payments-base-blockchain-138-million-chainalysis/
40. Driving value through digitalisation, scalability and (Gen)AI (Morgan Stanley European Financials Conference 2026 presentation) — ING Groep N.V., Mar 18, 2026. https://ing.com/binaries/content/assets/documents/investors/20260318---driving-value-through-digitalisation-scalability-and-genai.pdf
41. ING posts 2Q2026 net result of €1,947 million, reflecting accelerated growth in customer base and customer balances — ING Groep N.V., Jul 30, 2026. https://ing.com/binaries/content/assets/documents/results/2q2026/2q2026-ing-press-release.pdf
42. Wise Group plc Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 — Wise Group plc via SEC EDGAR, Jun 25, 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2099039/000119312526282911/d17323d20f.htm
43. ING completes live end-to-end European agentic payment transaction — Finextra, Jun 2, 2026. https://finextra.com/newsarticle/47844/ing-complete-live-end-to-end-european-agentic-payment-transaction
44. Worldline, ING and Visa complete a live agentic payment transaction in Europe — Worldline via GlobeNewswire, Jul 2, 2026. https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/07/02/3321259/0/en/worldline-worldline-ing-and-visa-complete-a-live-agentic-payment-transaction-in-europe-press-release.html
45. Building Trust in Agentic Commerce: Customer-centric principles for a trusted and thriving ecosystem — ING Group, ASB Bank, Bank of America, Capital One, Commonwealth Bank of Australia and NatWest Group, Sep 22, 2026. https://ing.com/binaries/content/assets/documents/news/principles-paper-building-trust-in-agentic-commerce
46. N26 Delivers Over €500M Revenue and €350M Gross Profit in 2025, Hitting First Full Year of Net Profitability — N26, Jun 25, 2026. https://n26.com/en-eu/press/press-release/n26-delivers-over-500m-euro-revenue-and-350m-euro-gross-profit-in-2025-hitting-first-full-year-of-net-profitability

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