# CFPB: Wells Fargo froze more than 1 million deposit accounts on an automated fraud filter's flags

Source: https://www.bankingnewsai.com/ai-incidents/wells-fargo-2022-automated-deposit-fraud-filter-freezes
Last updated: Oct 22, 2026

Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. · Institution's own AI · severity 4 of 5

Per the CFPB's 20 December 2022 consent order, from at least 2011 through October 2016 Wells Fargo, when it believed a deposit was fraudulent "based largely on an automated fraud detection system", typically froze the customer's entire deposit account and other accounts. The CFPB said the bank froze more than 1 million accounts on "a faulty automated filter's determination", and customers lost access to their money for an average of at least two weeks. The finding was one part of a $3.7 billion order ($1.7bn penalty, over $2bn redress) that also covered auto loans and mortgages; Wells Fargo was providing over $160 million in remediation to affected deposit customers and must now prefer item-level holds. The bank neither admitted nor denied the findings. The CFPB described an automated system, not AI. The order terminated in January 2025.

## Key facts

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Date | Dec 20, 2022 |
| Institution | Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. |
| Country | United States |
| AI system | Automated fraud detection system that identified suspect deposit accounts for employee review; not described as AI |
| AI? | Automated system not described as AI — The system was automated, but neither the institution nor a regulator described it as AI; it is listed because it is routinely discussed as an AI failure. |
| Category | Fraud model (Institution's own AI) |
| Status | Settled |
| Severity | 4 of 5 — Rubric 4 (consent order, many customers): the CFPB found that more than one million deposit-account customers lost access to all their money, on average for at least two weeks, after freezes driven largely by an automated fraud detection system; the finding was part of a consent order with a $1.7bn penalty and more than $2bn in redress. |

## What happened?

The CFPB's consent order found that from at least 2011 through October 2016, when Wells Fargo believed a fraudulent deposit had been made into a consumer deposit account "based largely on an automated fraud detection system that identified suspect deposit accounts for employee review", its typical practice was to freeze the customer's entire deposit account, along with the customer's other accounts. The freeze blocked access to all funds in the account, not just the suspect deposit. [1]

Affected customers were unable to access their money, on average for at least two weeks, until the bank closed the accounts and returned the money, the order says. The CFPB's press release put the number of frozen accounts at more than 1 million and said the bank acted "based on a faulty automated filter's determination that there may have been a fraudulent deposit, even when it could have taken other actions that would have not harmed customers." [1][2]

According to the order, Wells Fargo has since changed the practice and began using, where appropriate and sufficient to prevent further fraud, lesser restraints such as item-level holds under Regulation CC. The CFPB found the freezes were an unfair practice under the Consumer Financial Protection Act. [1][3]

The account-freeze finding was one of several in the order. The same action covered auto-loan servicing (including wrongful repossessions), mortgage-modification denials, surprise overdraft fees and monthly-fee waivers; Reuters reported the $1.7 billion penalty as the CFPB's largest ever civil penalty. This record covers only the automated-filter freezes. [2][5]

## Timeline

- Oct 2016 — The account-freeze practice described in the order, which began by at least 2011, runs through October 2016. [1]
- Dec 20, 2022 — The CFPB issues consent order 2022-CFPB-0011: a $1.7bn civil penalty, more than $2bn in redress across product lines, and a requirement to use item-level holds or lesser restraints where reasonable. [1][2][4]
- Jan 28, 2025 — Wells Fargo announces that the 2022 CFPB consent order has terminated; the CFPB's action page lists the matter as Expired/Terminated/Dismissed. [3][6][7]

## What was the impact?

- Financial: Over $160 million in remediation to deposit customers affected by the freezes (minimum $150 per customer or joint ownership group), within a $3.7bn order ($1.7bn penalty plus more than $2bn redress across product lines)
- Customers: More than 1 million deposit accounts frozen
- Other: Customers lost access to all the money in the frozen accounts, on average for at least two weeks, per the CFPB order. [1][2]

## How did Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. respond?

Wells Fargo consented to the order without admitting or denying the findings. In its statement the bank said the settlement resolved matters "the majority of which have been outstanding for several years", that the CFPB recognised it had "accelerated corrective actions and remediation" since 2020, and that the required actions were "already substantially complete". Chief executive Charlie Scharf said: "This far-reaching agreement is an important milestone in our work to transform the operating practices at Wells Fargo and to put these issues behind us." The statement did not address the account-freeze finding specifically. [1][4][5]

## What was the outcome?

The order required Wells Fargo to use an item-level hold or other restraint short of a full account freeze when reasonable and sufficient to prevent further fraud, and to pay at least $150 to each customer affected by the freeze practice. Wells Fargo announced on 28 January 2025 that the 2022 CFPB consent order had terminated; the CFPB's enforcement page lists its status as Expired/Terminated/Dismissed. [1][3][6][7]

## FAQ

### Was Wells Fargo's deposit fraud filter an AI system?

No regulator described it as AI. The CFPB's order calls it an automated fraud detection system that identified suspect deposit accounts for employee review, and its press release calls it a faulty automated filter. The bank's practice of freezing the whole account on the strength of those flags was the problem the CFPB found unfair.

### How many Wells Fargo customers had accounts frozen, and for how long?

The CFPB said more than 1 million consumer accounts were frozen between at least 2011 and October 2016. Customers could not access any of the money in those accounts, on average for at least two weeks, until Wells Fargo closed the accounts and returned the funds, according to the consent order.

### Did affected customers get money back?

The order says Wells Fargo was providing over $160 million in remediation to the more than one million deposit customers affected by the freezes, with at least $150 per customer or joint ownership group. The sources reviewed do not publish how much of that has been paid out.

### What did the CFPB require Wells Fargo to change?

When it suspects a fraudulent deposit, Wells Fargo must use an item-level hold or another restraint short of a full account freeze when that is reasonable and sufficient to prevent further fraud. The order also imposed a $1.7 billion penalty covering all its findings. Wells Fargo said in January 2025 that the order had terminated.

## Sources

1. [Consent Order, In the Matter of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., File No. 2022-CFPB-0011](https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_wells-fargo-na-2022_consent-order_2022-12.pdf) — Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Dec 20, 2022 (official): "From at least 2011 through October 2016, when Respondent believed that a fraudulent deposit had been made into a consumer deposit account based largely on an automated fraud detection system that identified suspect deposit accounts for employee review, Respondent's typical practice was to freeze the customer's entire deposit account, along with the customer's other accounts."
2. [CFPB Orders Wells Fargo to Pay $3.7 Billion for Widespread Mismanagement of Auto Loans, Mortgages, and Deposit Accounts](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-orders-wells-fargo-to-pay-37-billion-for-widespread-mismanagement-of-auto-loans-mortgages-and-deposit-accounts/) — Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Dec 20, 2022 (official): "The bank froze more than 1 million consumer accounts based on a faulty automated filter's determination that there may have been a fraudulent deposit, even when it could have taken other actions that would have not harmed customers."
3. [Enforcement action: Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (2022-CFPB-0011)](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/enforcement/actions/wells-fargo-bank-na-2022/) — Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Dec 20, 2022 (official): "With respect to deposit accounts, Wells Fargo: unfairly froze multiple consumer accounts in instances of suspected fraud when lesser restraints were available"
4. [Wells Fargo Enters into Agreement with CFPB to Resolve Multiple Issues](https://newsroom.wf.com/news-releases/news-details/2022/Wells-Fargo-Enters-into-Agreement-with-CFPB-to-Resolve-Multiple-Issues/default.aspx) — Wells Fargo, Dec 20, 2022 (official): "The required actions related to many of the matters described in the settlement are already substantially complete."
5. [Wells Fargo to pay $3.7 billion for illegal conduct that harmed customers](https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/us-cfpb-orders-wells-fargo-pay-37-bln-penalties-mismanagement-2022-12-20/) — Reuters, Dec 20, 2022 (news): "The U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau hit Wells Fargo & Co with the watchdog's largest ever civil penalty on Tuesday as part of a $3.7 billion agreement"
6. [Wells Fargo's 2022 CFPB Consent Order Terminates](https://newsroom.wf.com/news-releases/news-details/2025/Wells-Fargos-2022-CFPB-Consent-Order-Terminates/default.aspx) — Wells Fargo, Jan 28, 2025 (official): "Wells Fargo & Company (NYSE: WFC) today announced that its 2022 consent order with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau related to automobile lending, consumer deposit accounts, and mortgage lending has terminated."
7. [Wells Fargo released from 2022 CFPB consent order](https://www.bankingdive.com/news/wells-fargo-2022-cfpb-consent-order-terminated/738517/) — Banking Dive, Jan 28, 2025 (news)

## Related incidents

- [Regulators fine Bank of America $225m over automated fraud filter that froze unemployment-benefit cards](https://www.bankingnewsai.com/ai-incidents/bank-of-america-2022-unemployment-card-fraud-filter)

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